A Full Non-Monotonic Transition System for Unrestricted Non-Projective Parsing

Restricted non-monotonicity has been shown beneficial for the projective arc-eager dependency parser in previous research, as posterior decisions can repair mistakes made in previous states due to the lack of information. In this paper, we propose a novel, fully non-monotonic transition system based on the non-projective Covington algorithm. As a non-monotonic system requires exploration of erroneous actions during the training process, we develop several non-monotonic variants of the recently defined dynamic oracle for the Covington parser, based on tight approximations of the loss. Experiments on datasets from the CoNLL-X and CoNLL-XI shared tasks show that a non-monotonic dynamic oracle outperforms the monotonic version in the majority of languages.Comment: 11 pages. Accepted for publication at ACL 201

Bank ownership, lending relationships and capital structure: Evidence from Spain

This paper analyses the influence of bank ownership and lending on capital structure for a sample of listed and unlisted Spanish firms in the period 2005–2012. The results suggest that bank ownership allows banks to obtain better information and reduce the agency costs of debt, as it has a positive relationship with the maturity of debt and a negative relationship with the cost of debt. These results are consistent with the predominance of the monitoring effect in bank ownership over the expropriation effect. The role of banks as shareholders and lenders also contributes to reduce agency cost of debt, as it reduces debt cost. JEL classification: G32, Keywords: Bank ownership, Bank lending, Debt, Debt maturity, Debt cos

A new survey of cool supergiants in the Magellanic Clouds

In this study, we conduct a pilot program aimed at the red supergiant population of the Magellanic Clouds. We intend to extend the current known sample to the unexplored low end of the brightness distribution of these stars, building a more representative dataset with which to extrapolate their behaviour to other Galactic and extra-galactic environments. We select candidates using only near infrared photometry, and with medium resolution multi-object spectroscopy, we perform spectral classification and derive their line-of-sight velocities, confirming the nature of the candidates and their membership to the clouds. Around two hundred new RSGs have been detected, hinting at a yet to be observed large population. Using near and mid infrared photometry we study the brightness distribution of these stars, the onset of mass-loss and the effect of dust in their atmospheres. Based on this sample, new a priori classification criteria are investigated, combining mid and near infrared photometry to improve the observational efficiency of similar programs as this.Comment: 39 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in A&

Vida y dichos de Santo Toribio de Liébana conservados en el monasterio que lleva su nombre.

Sin resume

Spectral type, temperature and evolutionary stage in cool supergiants

In recent years, temperature scales in cool supergiants (CSGs) have been disputed, and the possibility that spectral types (SpTs) do not depend primarily on temperature has been raised. We explore the relations between different observed parameters and the capability of deriving accurate intrinsic stellar parameters from them through the analysis of the largest spectroscopic sample of CSGs to date from SMC and LMC. We explore possible correlations between different observational parameters, also making use of near- and mid-infrared colours and literature on photometric variability. Direct comparison between the behaviour of atomic lines (Fe I, Ti I, and Ca II) in the observed spectra and synthetic atmospheric models provides compelling evidence that effective temperature is the prime underlying variable driving the SpT sequence in CSGs. However, there is a clear correlation between SpT and luminosity, with later ones tending to correspond to more luminous stars with heavier mass loss. The population of CSGs in the SMC is characterised by a higher degree of spectral variability, early spectral types (centred on type K1) and low mass-loss rates (at least as measured by dust-sensitive mid-infrared colours). The population in the LMC displays less spectroscopic variability and later spectral types. The distribution of spectral types is not single-peaked. Instead, the brightest CSGs have a significantly different distribution from less luminous objects, presenting mostly M subtypes (centred on M2), and increasing mass-loss rates for later types. In conclusion, the observed properties of CSGs in the SMC and the LMC cannot be described correctly by standard evolutionary models. The very strong correlation between spectral type and bolometric luminosity, supported by all data from the Milky Way, cannot be reproduced at all by current evolutionary tracks.Comment: 25 pages, 24 figure

Effects of resistance training on the body fat in obese people: systematic review

La obesidad, una de las enfermedades más preocupantes hoy en día, ha impulsado la búsqueda de nuevas estrategias interdisciplinares entre la comunidad científica. Una línea de investigación de actual relevancia es la que analiza en qué medida un programa de intervención con cargas tiene efecto sobre la reducción de la obesidad. En este trabajo se revisa la producción bibliográfica hasta el año 2011 que ha investigado el efecto de los programas basados única y exclusivamente en entrenamiento con cargas, sobre la grasa corporal en personas obesas. Los resultados son divergentes, pues la mitad de estudios concluyen que el entrenamiento con cargas reduce la grasa corporal y la otra mitad no, si bien en ningún estudio se ha incrementado significativamente la grasa corporal de los participantes. Se aportan cuáles han sido los parámetros de entrenamiento y se sugieren pautas para la investigación a corto plazo sobre este particularNowadays obesity is a disease of high prevalence, that’s why scientific community is interested to research it. A line of relevant investigation is to analyze effects of strength training on reduction of obesity. This paper reviews the bibliographic research until the year 2011 which analyzed if the strength training reduces body fat of obese people. Results found are divergent. Half of studies conclude that training with loads reduces body fat and the other half do not. However, there are not studies where participants increased their body fat. At the same time, this study reports about some strength training parameters and about guidelines for future research in this topi

La libre circulación de pilotos de líneas aéreas en el derecho comunitario europeo

Actas de: Seminario sobre derecho aeronáutico celebrado en Madrid del 13 al 14 de mayo de 1998